Biography
Biography: Jinu Varghese
Abstract
A study focusing on the virtues in the nursing profession is timely for a number of reasons. Many scholars claim that we need to abandon the search for purely rationalist principles to guide ethical decision-making in favour of a quest to understand the virtues, especially the phronesis, judgement, or wisdom nurses need in order to make good decisions themselves (Gastmans, 1999; van Hooft, 1999; Armstrong, 2007; Sellman, 2011). Others merge virtue ethical lines of thought to an older paradigm of care ethics, maintaining that good nurses will establish caring attachments to their patients (Gastmans, 1999; van Hooft, 1999). While it is debated whether virtue ethics should replace or incorporate care ethics, virtue ethics has become the “moral theory of choice” among scholars of nursing ethics (Tschudin, 2010: 10). Virtue ethics forms a broad church, however, current scholars often disagree in their approach. Derek Sellman, for example, understands nursing along the lines of philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre as a “practice” through which virtuous nurses can achieve certain distinctive goods and advance their own well-being and the well-being of their patients (2011). Doing so, however, requires the exercise of specific virtues, including trustworthiness, open-mindedness, and especially the virtue of “professional phronesis,” or wise professional judgement. From the beginning, early leaders of the field, such as Florence Nightingale, understood nursing to be a value-laden enterprise, one requiring nurses to exercise certain virtues. Following on Florence Nightingale’s definition of nursing, Scott and Hainsworth (1950) note that nurse trainees or nurses working with Nightingale were expected to develop exemplary moral character and self-discipline. We need to explore to what extent those old ideals are still relevant in today’s nursing practice.
Aim(s) and/or research question(s)/research hypothesis(es)
Specific research questions addressed:
• Which virtues are prized and upheld by the nurses through self-reports?
•Which virtues do they associate with the ideal professional?
•What hinders or helps nurses in exhibiting virtuous practice?
•What recommendations can we give to nursing educators about improving the teaching of professional ethics in the field?
Research methodology/research design
A mixed methods approach is adopted to capture the full complexity of the issues involved. A survey has been completed by beginning undergraduates in nursing, by students just completing their initial nurse training/education, and by established practitioners who have been in practice for five years or more. The survey data is complemented by data from semi-structured interviews with a small selection of participants and educators who volunteer to take part within the survey.
Key findings and recommendations: As the study is currently in the analysis stage, key findings and recommendations will be available by July 2017